SpO2 Sensor: Principles, Types, and Selection
Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive and painless method to measure oxygen saturation in blood. It identifies the patient’s vital signs as well as how well our lungs are working.
A pulse oximeter is used for this purpose. It features a crucial component known as the SpO2 sensor, which is essential for measuring the oxygen saturation level in the blood.
The SpO2 sensors in pulse oximetry measure the percentage of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin in the blood and ensure accurate readings. Diving deeper, we will explore the technical principles, applications, and types of SpO2 sensors. We will also discuss important factors to consider when selecting a sensor for a pulse oximeter.
Technical Principles and Applications of SpO2 Sensors
How do SpO2 sensors work? The SpO2 sensor in the pulse oximeter applies the Beer-Lambert Law of light absorption. Infrared LEDs within the sensor emit light at a specific wavelength that passes through the patient's skin and blood vessels.
The photodetectors in the sensor then measure the amount of light that passes through the pulsatile arterial blood. Note that the oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin absorbs these wavelengths differently. Finally, a microprocessor in the pulse ox measures the oxygen saturation, and the result is displayed on the monitor.
A pulse oximeter is used in various medical scenarios, such as:
- Monitoring during surgery
- Post-operative care
- Chronic disease management
- A routine wellness check
- Emergency settings
- Neonatal care
For further detailed insights into pulse oximeters and their metrics, refer to the Unimed blog here.
Types of SpO2 Sensors
The SpO2 sensor can be categorized into disposable and reusable types.
- Disposable SpO2 Sensors: These sensors are widely used in operating rooms, NICU, ICU, emergency rooms, and hospital wards for continuous monitoring of patients. These sensors are designed for single-use purposes to reduce the risk of cross-contamination and infection. Unimed's Nellcor Compatible Disposable SpO2 Sensor has earned recognition for its compatibility and safety features, which are important considerations in patient care.
- Reusable SpO2 Sensors: These sensors can be used easily on multiple patients and a number of times because they are easily disinfected and cleaned. Unimed's Philips Compatible Reusable SpO2 Sensors are popular choices for their durability and reliability.
The pulse oximeter sensors are also categorized based on the patient groups they are designed for, including:
- Neonatal SpO2 sensors: These are tailored for the delicate skin and small extremities of newborns, ensuring accurate oxygen saturation measurements.
- Infant SpO2 sensors: Infant SpO2 sensors are specifically made to check the oxygen saturation in infants. These sensors also check plethysmographic waveforms.
- Pediatric SpO2 sensors: In neonates, toddlers, and children, the oxygen saturation levels are checked using these sensors. The sensor is usually placed on the fingers and toes of the children.
- Adult SpO2 sensors: Commonly used in adults, these sensors measure both pulse rate and arterial blood saturation levels. They may also be appropriate for older children based on size and physical characteristics.
Always ensure that the sensor is appropriately sized for the patient to ensure accurate readings and comfort.
Considerations for Selecting a SpO2 Sensor
We must consider several factors while selecting SpO2 sensors so we choose the right one to incorporate into the patient monitoring system.
- Compatibility: Look for a sensor that is compatible with the existing patient monitoring system or pulse oximeter.
- Age and Weight: Choose SpO2 sensors designed for specific age groups, such as neonates, infants, children, or adults. It is also worth noting that the patient's specific body weight should be taken into consideration.
- Usage frequency: Decide between disposable and reusable sensors based on the frequency of use and risk of cross-contamination.
- Special needs: For long-term monitoring or specific conditions, select sensors that meet these particular requirements.
If you are looking for a certified and leading provider of high-quality SpO2 sensors, Unimed is the end of your search. Renowned for precision and durability, Unimed offers an extensive selection of sensors that are compatible with multiple products. Unimed's products meet stringent quality standards and ensure reliable patient monitoring and care.
